英语知识点：倒装句
在英语中，我们把主语在前谓语动词在后的句子叫陈述句，把谓语动词放在主语前面的句子叫倒装句。
如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
A、完全倒装
a. 用于there be句型。
例：There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几位学生。
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. 教室的前面有一棵大树。
b. 用于“here(there, now, then)+实义动词+主语”的句型中，或以 in，out，up，down，away 等副词开头
的句子里，以表示强调。
例：Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。
注意：★主语是代词时，主语和谓语不能倒装。
★here，there 放在句首通常用一般现在时。
Here it is. 给你。(你要的东西在这儿。)
Here he comes. 他来了。
★用于so，neither，nor开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、
形式相一致。
例：He has been to Canada. So have I. 他去过加拿大，我也去过。
You can't speak French. Neither can she. 你不会说法语，她也不会。
表示前面所述的情况也适合于后面一个人或事物，通常在so后用倒装句式(部分倒装用一般问句的形式)：
He likes English. So do I. 他喜欢英语，我也一样。
He was ill and so were his parents. 他病了，他父母也病了。
但是如果前面所述情况为否定式，则用neither，nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)：
He couldn’t do it, and neither could she. 他做不了，她也做不了。
He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到，我也从不迟到。
后一句子若只是重复前句的意思，起加强语气的作用，so后面不用倒装句式：
—He has done a good job. 他干得不错。
—So he has. 他的确干得不错。
B、部分倒装。(小学阶段出现情况较少，在此不作进一步解释)
完全倒装和部分倒装：
如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装;
如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
A、完全倒装
a. 用于there be句型。 例：
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几位学生。
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. 教室的前面有一棵大树。
b. 用于“here(there, now, then)+实义动词+主语”的句型中，或以 in，out，up，down，away 等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。 例：
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。
注意：
a.主语是代词时，主语和谓语不能倒装。
b.here，there 放在句首通常用一般现在时。 例：
Here it is. 给你。(你要的东西在这儿。)
Here he comes. 他来了。
c.用于so，neither，nor开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致。
He has been to Canada. So have I. 他去过加拿大，我也去过。
You can't speak French. Neither can she. 你不会说法语，她也不会。
表示前面所述的情况也适合于后面一个人或事物，通常在so后用倒装句式(部分倒装用一般问句的形式)：
He likes English. So do I. 他喜欢英语，我也一样。
He was ill and so were his parents. 他病了，他父母也病了。
但是如果前面所述情况为否定式，则用neither，nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)：
He couldn’t do it, and neither could she. 他做不了，她也做不了。
He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到，我也从不迟到。
后一句子若只是重复前句的意思，起加强语气的作用，so后面不用倒装句式：
—He has done a good job. 他干得不错。
—So he has. 他的确干得不错。
中考英语句子种类的结构：强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。
原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is <---> has been was <---> had been.
中考英语句子种类的结构：反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she
Some plants never blown (开花), do they
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he / shouldn't he
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he / usedn't he
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you / didn't you
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they
What a smell, isn't it
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he
We believe she can do it better, can't she
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they (does he )
Nobody knows about it, do they (does he )
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we
He dare not say so, dare you
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you
Go with me, will you / won't you
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there
There will not be any trouble, will there
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he
20) must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it
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